# Gross Margin Definition

## What Is Gross Margin?

Gross margin is a company’s net sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold (COGS). In other words, it is the sales revenue a company retains after incurring the direct costs associated with producing the goods it sells, and the services it provides. The higher the gross margin, the more capital a company retains on each dollar of sales, which it can then use to pay other costs or satisfy debt obligations. The net sales figure is simply gross revenue, less the returns, allowances, and discounts.

## The Formula for Gross Margin Is

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begin{aligned} &text{Gross Margin} = text{Net Sales} – text{COGS} \ &textbf{where:} \ &text{Net Sales} = text{Equivalent to revenue, or the total amount} \ &text{of money generated from sales for the period. It can also} \ &text{be called net sales because it can include discounts} \ &text{and deductions from returned merchandise.} \ &text{Revenue is typically called the top line because it sits} \ &text{on top of the income statement. Costs are subtracted} \ &text{from revenue to calculate net income or the bottom line.} \ &text{COGS} = text{Cost of goods sold. The direct costs} \ &text{associated with producing goods. Includes both direct} \ &text{labor costs, and any costs of materials used in producing} \ &text{or manufacturing a company’s products.} \ end{aligned}
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Gross Margin=Net SalesCOGSwhere:Net Sales=Equivalent to revenue, or the total amountof money generated from sales for the period. It can alsobe called net sales because it can include discountsand deductions from returned merchandise.Revenue is typically called the top line because it sitson top of the income statement. Costs are subtractedfrom revenue to calculate net income or the bottom line.COGS=Cost of goods sold. The direct costsassociated with producing goods. Includes both directlabor costs, and any costs of materials used in producingor manufacturing a company’s products.﻿

## How to Calculate Gross Margin

To illustrate an example of a gross margin calculation, imagine that a business collects $200,000 in sales revenue. Let us assume that the cost of goods consists of the$20,000 it spends on manufacturing supplies, plus the $80,000 it pays in labor costs. Therefore, after subtracting its COGS, the company boasts$100,000 gross margin.

## What Does the Gross Margin Tell You?

The gross margin represents the portion of each dollar of revenue that the company retains as gross profit. For example, if a company’s recent quarterly gross margin is 35%, that means it retains \$0.35 from each dollar of revenue generated. Because COGS have already been taken into account, those remaining funds may consequently be channeled toward paying debts, general and administrative expenses, interest fees, and dividend distributions to shareholders.

Companies use gross margin to measure how their production costs relate to their revenues. For example, if a company’s gross margin is falling, it may strive to slash labor costs or source cheaper suppliers of materials. Alternatively, it may decide to increase prices, as a revenue increasing measure. Gross profit margins can also be used to measure company efficiency or to compare two companies of different market capitalizations.

### Key Takeaways

• Gross margin equates to net sales minus the cost of goods sold.
• The gross profit margin shows the amount of profit made before deducting selling, general, and administrative costs.
• Gross margin can also be shown as gross profit as a percent of net sales.

## The Difference Between Gross Margin and Net Margin

While gross margin focuses solely on the relationship between revenue and COGS, the net profit margin takes all of a business’s expenses into account. When calculating net profit margins, businesses subtract their COGS, as well as ancillary expenses such as product distribution, sales rep wages, miscellaneous operating expenses, and taxes.

Gross margin–also called “gross profit margin”, helps a company assess the profitability of its manufacturing activities, while net profit margin helps the company assess its overall profitability.